The proposed Walkability for Children Index (WCI) was aimed at identifying the neighborhoods characterized by the lowest level of pedestrian friendliness in relation to the children’s needs while walking. Open source repositories and focused on the level of usefulness, comfort, safety, and attractiveness of Bologna for child pedestrians (aged between 5 to 13 years old). The GIS analysis was based on a series of location-based data retrieved from different As highlighted by a thematic literature review focused on walkability assessment criteria and tools, children experience the city differently than adult pedestrians, since they are more vulnerable to road accidents and they need proper infrastructures to freely play outdoors and walk independently. The proposed multi-disciplinary methodology (rooted on the integration of relevant knowledge coming the Environmental Psychology and Urban Informatics disciplines) is based on an extended spatial analysis executed through the application of GIS and Space Syntax, and it was aimed at assessing the level of walkability for children in the City of Bologna (Italy). The current research work was performed by Transform Transport (the internal research unit of Systematica Srl), in collaboration with the Department of Urban Planning of the Municipality of Bologna and the Foundation for Urban Innovations. However, Walk Score works best at larger spatial scales. This study suggests that Walk Score is a good, convenient tool to measure certain aspects of neighborhood walkability and transit availability (such as density of retail destinations, density of recreational open space, intersection density, residential density and density of subway stops). Relative to the 400-m buffer, correlations for the 800-m buffer were higher. However, the magnitude of correlations varied by the GIS measure and neighborhood definition. All correlations between Transit Scores and GIS measures of neighborhood transit availability were also significant (all p < 0.0001). Several significant correlations were observed between Walk Score and 400-m buffer GIS measures of neighborhood walkability all significant correlations were found for the 800-m buffer. We calculated Spearman correlations of Walk Scores and Transit Scores with the GIS neighborhood walkability/transit availability measures as well as Spearman correlations accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We also obtained Walk Scores and Transit Scores. GIS data were used to create multiple objective measures of neighborhood walkability and transit availability. Address data come from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset, a school-based sample of public high school students in Boston, MA with complete residential address information (n = 1,292). The researchers suggest that a transit training program for HT students would be beneficial in improving ridership.We investigated the validity of Walk Scores and Transit Scores from the Walk Score website using several objective geographic information systems (GIS) measures of neighborhood walkabiltiy and transit availability based on 400- and 800-m street network buffers. However, none of the bus stop structures in the three areas were in very poor condition. The cluster analysis revealed spatial differences when identifying negative attributes. Using GIS, a cluster analysis of bus stop environments, and cumulative distribution functions to explore bus travel time to reported destinations, the researchers found that the students’ perceptions were not always consistent with the environmental analysis. The researchers determined that both studies were necessary to test whether an environmental analysis would support the findings of the focus groups and student surveys. From September 2009 – May 2010, an environmental analysis of the built environment surrounding 38 bus stops in three locations was performed using an established survey tool. During the Spring of 2009, focus groups were held on HT’s campus, and surveys were distributed to the broader student body. Reasons given include the need to be independent, the inefficiency of Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus (travel time and routes), condition of bus stops, and the fear of crime while waiting for a bus. This population does not utilize public transit, and is mostly car dependent. This study analyzes the travel patterns of students attending Huston-Tillotson University (HT), an Historical Black College and University (HBCU). However, a substantial number of Austinites remain solely dependent on their automobiles for transportation. With increased congestion and higher gas prices, some individuals are traveling more selectively and viewing public transit as a cost-saving alternative to the automobile. "Travel time to destinations in the Austin area continues to rise during both peak and off-peak hours.
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